Aklanon’s Beliefs and Practices on Death
by Melchor F. Cichon
Revised, October 29, 2012
Aklanons show great respect for the dead. Out of these, various beliefs
and practices have developed which has become a tradition. This
tradition has been handed down to them from their great grandparents.
The Spaniards must have reinforced this tradition through the
introduction of Catholicism in the country as well as the Chinese
through their commerce. It may be difficult to discern which beliefs and
practices are of Spanish or Chinese origins. However, we can surmise
that those beliefs and practices related to money like placing the first
given alms to the palm of the dead must have been influenced by the
Chinese,
When a person is dying, his immediate relatives call a parish priest or a
pastor to give the last sacrament. It is also the time when the dying
person could ask for blessings or forgiveness. Dying people should ask
for a confession from a priest. The Aklanons believe that there is life
after death. In this critical moment, a cantor or a member of the church
choir is asked to sing religious songs to make his final journey
pleasant and perhaps to ease whatever pain the dying person is
suffering.
If a person dies, his immediate family would inform all his relatives of
the incident as well as the parish priest. Upon the priest’s
instruction the sacristan would toll the bells. The purpose of this is
to inform people in the community that somebody had died. The
townspeople who would hear the tolling of the bells are expected to pray
for the repose of the soul of the dead. The intervals between strokes
of the bell’s tolls would determine the age of the deceased. If the
strokes are done briskly, the deceased is a child. If the intervals are
long, the dead is an adult.
Before the 1960s, burial was usually done twenty-four hours after the
person has died. But with the popularity of embalming, burial is done
within weeks especially when a member of the family is away and is
expected to come home.
It is believed that with shoes on, the journey of the dead will be
difficult and he will be damned in hell so the deceased is not allowed
to wear shoes, only socks.
During the wake, people in the community and members of the family from
far away would come home to pay their last respects. Usually they would
give alms. Others would give food. Another distinct practice is the
holding of the feast on the third day after death. The usual food being
served is
ubod ng niyog mixed with pork. Vegetables that are vine-like are however a taboo. Usual games being played are
bordon, card games like
paris-paris,
karga buro, etc. Other gives being played are
konggit and mahjong. One popular game is the
bordon.
Participants are often teenagers. They form a circle and one
participant would be in the middle to be the “manakaw” or “it”. Other
participants would hold hands and sing “
bordon de las bordon, singsing papanawa…”
Dalia sa pagpalakat
Singsing sa pagpadapat
Basi kon malipat
Isa ka makawat.
Andar de las singsing
Singsing de los andar
Andar de los singsing
Singsing de los andar.
Singsing papanawa
Palibot-libota
Mentras makadangat
Sa Hari kag Reyna.
While this song is being sung, the hands of the participants are moved
back and forth, bluffling the person in the middle as to who is holding
the singsing. The singsing here is anything from stone to marble. From
time to time, the participant at the middle would grasp the hands of the
participants to catch the singsing. Whoever is caught holding the
singsing will be punished by making him recite a ditso or a luwa. Here
is an example of a luwa:
Ay abaw Inday nagapakatig-a
Daw bato bantiling ro anang kaha;
Indi ka pagdutlan gunting ag labaha,
Dutlan ka gid Inday ku akong paghigugma.
Like the
bordon,
konggit is played only during the wake.
The game is played with small stones, as big as marbles. The number of
players range from two to five. Before the start of the game, the
participants would first decide via a
jack en poy. Those stones
which were not caught could still be taken by the player if he is able
to strike two stones, which were previously pared by putting an
imaginary line between them. If he fails to strike the other stone, the
next player continues the game until all the stones are taken. Each
player then counts all the stones he/she has taken. Whoever has the most
number of stones is declared the winner. Another round of konggit is
played.
These games are rarely played now during the wake. What are popular
these days are mahjong, tumbo, and card games like pusoy dos and lucky
nine.
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| Emilio Jacinto Funeral (though he isn't Aklanon) |
|
When there is death in the family, the family members are expected to
mourn by wearing black clothes. Others would wear black ribbons. In case
the deceased is a mother and has left a child, the child should wear a
piece of red cloth so the parent would not disturb the baby at night.
Another practice of mourning is by hanging a black cloth on the window
facing the street. Members of the family are not allowed to take a bath
until after the burial. They are not allowed to sweep the floor also.
This is to prevent another death in the family. Children are not allowed
to listen to radios. No social gatherings should be held during this
period. Weddings are also postponed until after a year to avoid bad luck
to the newly married couple.
The deathbed of the deceased and the clothes worn during his death are
thrown outside the house to rot. If he died on a bed made of bamboo
thatches, one thatch is removed and thrown away. This is to prevent
another death in the family.
When the deceased is brought out of the house for burial, all the
members of the family should pass under the coffin. This is done to
prevent the spirit of the dead to disturb those who are left behind.
When the coffin is being brought out of the house, the feet portion of
the coffin is put forward as if the deceased person were passing through
the door himself. Care is being taken cared of to prevent the coffin
from bumping any portion of the door so as not to disturb the soul of
the dead.
If the deceased is a Catholic, he is brought to the Catholic church for
blessing. Mass is offered for the repose of his soul if the cause of the
death is suicide, the priest will not allow the dead to be brought
inside the church.
At times, a priest is requested to welcome the deceased at a crossroad
nearest the church. Then, mourners would walk toward the church.
In the church, the coffin is opened for the mourners to make a final
view. It is understood that no tears should drop on the deceased’s face
because it will only make his journey difficult and will cause bad luck
to the family. Picture taking is done and eulogies are said, if there’s
any.
Procession continues to the cemetery. Again, great care should be
observed so as not to bump on any part of the coffin on the church’s
door. Also, the feet portion is put forward while leaving the church.
On the way, people who are at the streets usually pray for the repose of
the soul of the deceased. Others would take off their hats or make a
sign of a cross.
In Zamboanga City, I observed that people in the streets would throw
coins to the passing coffins. These are picked up and given to the
family of the deceased.
Upon reaching the cemetery, the coffin is again opened for the last
time. Here, people would come very close to the coffin, particularly the
immediate members of the family. Pins and other decorations inside the
coffin are removed and thrown away so as not to make the journey of the
deceased difficult. Loud crying is usually heard. Mourners would start
throwing flowers and a handful of soil to the coffin as pabaon. Then the
coffin is closed and nailed. The coffin is then lowered into the grave
or entombed in the pantheon. Snacks are served inside the cemetery. Upon
leaving the cemetery, mourners would pass through the smoke prepared
near the gate. This is done to prevent any illness that would befall the
mourners’ family, especially when there is a child in the house. If no
snacks are given in the cemetery, the mourners are expected to go to the
house of the deceased to eat. From the day of the funeral, a nine-day
novena is held. People in the neighborhood would come to pray, play, and
so to gamble. As usual, the bereaved family serves drinks and foods to
those who come.
In the beginning of the 1960s, much changes have taken place on the
beliefs and practices on death among Aklanons, particularly among the
later generations. Today, bordon or konggit is seldom played, but
mahjong, pusoy dos, and tumbo games are popular.
Implications
As noted earlier, so much foods are served during the novena, the
patnog, and the katapusan which cause so much spending. This is an added
burden to the members of the bereaved family who are already
economically drained.
Aside from this unusual and untimely spending, activities like planting,
and harvesting of palay are suspended until after the burial which can
affect the family’s income.
About the Author
Melchor F. Cichon is a poet and Library Head of St. Therese-MTC Colleges
La Fiesta Site in Molo, Iloilo City. He was Head of the College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences and at the same time Head of the Readers Services at the
University of the Philippines in the Visayas, Miag-ao, Iloilo until his
retirement in 2010. He maintains several blogs where he shares his
works.
